就在没多久以前,飞行汽车的定义还与核聚变电力能源一概而论,它是1个好像终究滞留在企业愿景上的技术性难题。大概5年前,状况有所不同。飞驰忽然又出現了。新企业愿景是为大家打造出一辆汽车飞行汽车,不用航空员营业执照、飞机场或运动场。从那以后,新的新项目、定义和项目投资持续涌进这一行业。
发生了什么事?
上星期在纽约举办的全世界论坛会上,大疆北美洲企业ceo科林金在多次演说中表达,这一切自小处学起的。重要并不是变小直升飞机或飞机场,只是扩张多旋翼无人机。如今,消費无人飞机销售市场早已变成一连串技术性的试验室和实验场,这种技术性能够让自动驾驶民航客机变成实际。
用智能机的人的大脑和感观航空的无人飞机
你将会要说,飞行汽车的新梦想要谢谢iPhone授予了人们新的性命。当智能机在2000时代后半期红极一时时,很多资产和科学研究涌进智能机,使其控制器和CPU更划算、更小、迅速、更高效率。这种构件进到了遥控飞机。
安全驾驶遥控直升机始终是这种冷门解闷。他们不易安裝,事实上安全驾驶起來很艰难。每一次航空两到5分钟,就必须花8到10个钟头来维修。但当卫星导航系统出現在遥控直升机某处,直升飞机大部分能够自身航空。自动驾驶仪由智能机构件保持,都是消費无人飞机行业的一整攻克。航空员已不必须让飞机场长期保持。她们只需告诉他它到哪去。
现如今,电影制片人应用无人飞机拍攝用心编辑的广角镜头编码序列,企业应用无人飞机远程控制查验机器设备,农户应用无人飞机监控器粮食作物,大城市也在应用无人飞机运输包囊。随之销售市场的扩张,无人飞机愈来愈优秀。全部这种都早已或将运用于将来的无人机出租车。
从大规模的无人机到会飞的汽车
2011年,Volocopter进行了电动式垂直起降飞机的初次航空,这也许是无人飞机可以规模性载客的第一位攻克。这台设备有18个旋翼,沒有驾驶室,只能1个航空员跨坐着1个看上去像健身球的物品上。但过去的5年里,这一行业变得越来越拥堵。我国的初创公司、高新科技亿万富豪和蓝筹货运公司也添加了这次大战。
自此,Volocopter开发设计了第四代电动式垂直起降飞机,得到了戴姆勒的资产适用,近期还公布了首款商业版本号。在2016年国际性消费电子展上,亿航184第一次亮相后,亿航愿意在阿联酋开发设计用以城市公共交通的无人飞机,并计划在广州为其飞行出租车进行全市试点。
最终目标是啥?这种安全性的、全自动航空的小车或的士,能够在城市做短途或半途的运送。內部将会有个iPad显示屏,但沒有控制板。从屋顶起降,随后着陆在另一头的楼顶。那麼,没有什么阻拦,要多久才能实现呢?
奎恩列出了四个挑战。
自动驾驶仪
无人飞机生产商在这里一行业早已获得了非常大的发展,一样的技术性还可以运用于更大的无人飞机上,以维持小型无人机半空中的平稳。除开平稳以外,自动驾驶仪可以视频监控系统的安全系数,并全自动赔偿丧失的电机转子,或者在一切都失败的情况下打开降落伞。
关键的问题取决于小型无人机的自动驾驶仪有数千万钟头的航空時间,而民航客机的自动驾驶仪则沒有。人们还必须两年的時间,能够在这种更大的系统软件上搜集数万甚至数千万钟头的航空時间。
自主飞行
企业将迫不得已跨越自动驾驶系统,让旅客拨通到达站的电話,享有旅途。这类水平的自动化技术取决于跨越視覺视野实际操作的进度及其融洽上空任何的自动驾驶路政管理。
这种对系统小型无人机也尤为重要,从amazonPrime Air到安全巡检无人飞机和农用无人机,都必须花销数千万钟头来证实。但你必须对更大的系统软件有更高的自信心。这也必须两到3年的時间。
飞行时间
小型无人机能够在必须电池充电前航空20或30分鐘,你能在这里一段时间内进行非常多的工作中。与此同时,上空的士必须检测充足的间距,能够投入市场。今日的电动式垂直起降飞机能够管理方法10到20分鐘的航空飞行,有些甚至接近半小时。
充电电池运作迟缓。世界上十几个或上一百多个试验室展现每公斤比能量超出500到600瓦时的锂电池。以便被普遍选用,电动式垂直起降飞机必须可以跑50到100公里。预估这一总体目标将在将来三至5年超过并超出。
法律法规
政策法规将会是较大的阻碍。在国外,航线管理方法和管控比较复杂。美国航空局(FAA)在小型无人机层面获得了进度,但在全自动载人的大型飞机层面呢?处理这种关键点必须大概10年的時间。休闲娱乐超轻型飞机航班乃至将会存有冷门机遇,而在阿联酋或我国等管控体系更灵便、日程安排更严苛的國家,也许能够迅速地叫到一辆汽车上空的士。
因此,何时能够做这件事情的参考答案是非常主观性的,这在于在哪儿,以便哪些目地。将来两年将会产生某些这种事情。针对规模性的运用,人们将会必须8到12年的時间。由于外太空的历史时间,人们有原因对于表达猜疑。但假如消費无人机技术变成1个方向标,而这一发展转换为民用无人机,那麼无人驾驶的士的市场前景好像历年都会变得更加实际。
English version
Not long ago, the definition of a flying car was also generalized with nuclear fusion power, and it was a technical problem that seemed to remain in the corporate vision. About five years ago, the situation was different. The speeding suddenly appeared again. The new corporate vision is to create a car flying car for everyone, without an aviation business license, airport or sports field. Since then, new projects, definitions, and project investments have continued to flow into the industry.
What happened?
At the World Forum held in New York last week, the North American company Ceo Collingin of Dajiang expressed in many speeches, all of which have been learned since childhood. The important thing is not to get smaller helicopters or airports, just to expand multi-rotor drones. Today, the consumer drone sales market has long since become a series of technical laboratories and labs that can make autopilot civil aircraft a reality.
Human brain with smart machine and unmanned aerial aircraft
You will say that the new dream of flying a car is to thank the iPhone for giving people a new life. When the smartphone was in the second half of the 2000 era, many assets and scientific research flooded into the smartphone, making its controller and CPU more cost-effective, smaller, faster, and more efficient. This component entered the remote control aircraft.
Safe driving RC helicopters are always the uninhibited. They are not easy to install, and in fact it is difficult to drive safely. Every two to five minutes of air, it takes 8 to 10 hours to repair. But when the satellite navigation system appeared somewhere in the remote control helicopter, most of the helicopters were able to fly by themselves. The autopilot is maintained by intelligent machine components and is a complete solution for the consumer drone industry. It is no longer necessary for the aviation crew to keep the airport for a long time. They just need to tell him where to go.
Nowadays, filmmakers use unmanned aircraft to shoot wide-angle lens coding sequences that are carefully edited by the unmanned aircraft. Enterprises use unmanned aircraft to remotely control inspection equipment, farmers use unmanned aircraft monitors for food crops, and large cities are also applying unmanned aircraft transportation packages. bag. With the expansion of the sales market, the unmanned aircraft is getting better and better. All of this has long been or will be applied to future drone taxis.
From large-scale drones to flying cars
In 2011, Volocopter carried out the first aviation of the electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft, which may be the first to overcome the large-scale passengers. This equipment has 18 rotors, no cab, and only one aircraft straddles an item that looks like a fitness ball. But in the past five years, the industry has become more and more congested. China's startups, high-tech billionaires and blue-chip freight companies have also added this war.
Since then, Volocopter has developed and designed the fourth generation of electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft, which has been applied to Daimler's assets and recently announced the first commercial version. At the 2016 International Consumer Electronics Show, after the first appearance of Yihang 184, Yihang was willing to develop unmanned aircraft designed for urban public transportation in the UAE, and plans to conduct pilot trials for its flight taxis in Guangzhou.
What is the ultimate goal? This safe, fully automated aviation car or taxi can be transported short or half way in the city. There will be an iPad display inside, but there is no control panel. Take off and land from the roof, then land on the roof of the other side. So, there is nothing to stop, how long will it take to achieve it?
Quinn listed four challenges.
Autopilot
Unmanned aircraft manufacturers have already achieved great development in this industry, and the same technicality can be applied to larger unmanned aircraft to maintain the stability of small drones in midair. In addition to the smoothness, the autopilot can monitor the safety factor of the system and automatically compensate for the lost motor rotor or open the parachute if everything fails.
The key problem depends on the tens of millions of hours of aeronautical time for the autopilot of a small drone, while the autopilot for a passenger airliner does not. It will take two years to collect tens of thousands or even tens of millions of hours of aviation time on this larger system software.
Autonomous flight
Enterprises will have to cross the automatic driving system, allowing passengers to dial the phone to the station and enjoy the journey. This level of automation technology depends on the progress of the actual operation across the visual field and any automated driving road management over the rapport.
This is especially important for small system drones, from amazonPrime Air to safe inspection unmanned aircraft and agricultural drones, which must be spent tens of millions of hours to confirm. But you have to have more confidence in the larger system software. This must also take two to three years.
flight duration
Small drones can air for 20 or 30 minutes before the battery must be recharged, and you can do a lot of work here for a while. At the same time, taxis in the sky must detect sufficient spacing to be put on the market. Today's electric VTOL aircraft can manage 10 to 20 minutes of air flight, some even close to half an hour.
The rechargeable battery is slow to operate. More than a dozen or more than one hundred laboratories in the world exhibit lithium batteries with a specific energy of more than 500 to 600 watts per kilogram. In order to be widely used, electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft must be able to run 50 to 100 kilometers. It is estimated that this overall goal will exceed and exceed in the next three to five years.
Laws and regulations
Policies and regulations will be a major obstacle. In foreign countries, route management methods and management are more complicated. The United States Aviation Administration (FAA) has made progress on the level of small drones, but at the level of large aircraft with fully automated manned vehicles? It takes about 10 years to deal with this key point. Recreational ultra-light aircraft flights will have an unpopular opportunity, and in countries such as the United Arab Emirates or China where the control system is more flexible and more demanding, it may be possible to quickly call a taxi over a car.
Therefore, the reference answer when it is possible to do this is very subjective, which lies in where and for what purpose. Some of these things will happen in the next two years. For large-scale use, people will have to spend 8 to 12 years. Due to the historical time of outer space, people have reason to express suspicions. But if consumer drone technology becomes a direction indicator and this development is converted to civilian drones, then the market prospects of unmanned taxis seem to have become more practical over the years.
(图/文编译:飞行汽车 http://www.flycar.com.cn/)
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