无非是速度更快或者能到达一些交通不便的地方，为了快那么半个小时，那付出的成本呢：飞行是很耗费能源的，如果用电，电池能量密度不够；用燃油的话，又会有污染，制造成本也会居高不下，另外城市空域也不是想飞就飞，安全很重要，掉下来可不是闹着玩的，所以，自动驾驶是必须的，此外，如果漫天的飞行器，你觉得会有多吵，想想你头顶上飞过直升机的感觉，综合以上，飞行汽车在，地广人稀的地方，还算有市场，而在拥挤的城市，近10年估计都不太可能实现。
“飞行汽车用途非常广泛，可供商用，也可供军用，尤其在应对紧急情况方面有着独特的优势，如警用、消防、边境巡逻、救援和急件投递等。”徐楠分析了飞行汽车应用的四大优势。
一是更快捷，飞行汽车将地面车流量转移至空中，配合飞行汽车良好的自由度及飞行转向能力有效地缓解交通压力，在抢险救灾亦能在狭小空间自由穿梭，及时赶到救助现场。二是更便利，和直升机相比更稳定便利，能实现低空飞行，运行噪音小。三是更灵活，飞行汽车以其体型优势还能用于战争，灵活性使其在巷战中能发挥很大作用。四是适用性更强，飞行汽车受天气影响程度相对于传统飞机小80%，在强风暴强降雨天气下可以使用汽车模式，可根据天气条件选择适宜的行进方式。
飞行汽车用途、优势与技术瓶颈
“但不可否认，飞行汽车的实际应用和商业化发展还面临着性能、造价、审批、技能等方面的制约。”徐楠同时指出，飞行汽车发展还需突破四大瓶颈。
一是设计难度大，设计性能需要综合考虑汽车与飞机两种需求，某些飞行汽车起飞与降落需要几百米长的平整滑道。二是造价高，由于考虑机身重量，提升升力需要使用碳纤维复合和钛合金材料，后期的生产加工价格昂贵，导致飞行汽车整体造价不菲。三是飞行审批受限，各国对于车辆和飞行器有着严格的安全管理规则，就中国而言，国内除民航航路和机场上空的空域是由民航当局管辖，其他空域全部在军事管制之下，中国私人驾机飞行必须向军民航空管理部门申请飞行区域和飞行计划。四是驾驶技能要求高，驾驶技能方面对驾驶者与管制者的要求均非常高，需要拥有飞行员执照以及汽车驾照。
技术发展趋势
徐楠认为，飞行汽车作为未来的城市交通工具，绝不是把汽车加上“翅膀”那么简单，新型轻量化材料、动力电池、电驱动系统、智能驾驶等技术的突破对飞行汽车的商业化发展至关重要。
此外，飞行汽车与无人驾驶汽车一样，将对目前的城市交通运行方式、通讯及网络基础设施布局、安全责任、法律法规及运行体系等领域带来强烈冲击。
“预计飞行汽车还需5~10年的研发投入期，2030年能够步入规模化应用阶段。”徐楠说，对于我国来说，应关注全球创新资源，进行飞行汽车领域智能化、电动化等关键技术的前瞻性布局和储备。
在智能化技术的应用方面，飞行汽车的操作和控制是技术重点和难点。飞行汽车是由现代通信技术、计算机网络技术、智能控制技术等汇集而成。对飞行环境的感知能力将成为飞行汽车的必备技能。全自动无人驾驶等智能驾驶技术在飞行汽车上的融合应用，会让飞行汽车的应用潜力成倍增长。我国在飞行汽车智能化技术发展方面，应加快人工智能和机器人等技术的发展，尤其是加强智能化或无人驾驶技术、智能交通技术及基础设施的建设布局，将飞行汽车作为未来城市智能交通的一部分，进行智能化的控制与管理。
在电动化技术的应用方面，飞行汽车需要兼顾道路行驶和低空飞行技术。续航能力和载重能力不足、高油耗等问题也成为制约其发展的关键瓶颈。随着汽车行业跨入电动化时代，我国在飞行汽车电动化技术发展方面，应加快高效电动机和高能量密度动力电池技术等方面的突破，进一步加强内燃机、混合动力、燃料电池等发动机技术，电动化系统推进技术和先进动力电池技术的积累和布局。
徐楠还提到了陆空一体化发展趋势。飞行汽车技术是汽车和通用航空技术的有机结合，且为典型的军民两用技术。飞行汽车应具备在地面高速行驶时可随时离地飞行的功能，即能进行陆空模式的连续转换，这是重要的用户体验和实现大规模应用的前提。
“我国在飞行汽车陆空两用技术发展方面，应加强垂直起降技术、陆空转换模式连续性技术、螺旋桨或风扇低噪声及安全性技术的积累和研发，有效促进汽车和通航产业的发展，以及无人机和陆空两栖战车等国防装备的发展。”
English version
It’s nothing more than speed or can reach some places with inconvenient transportation. For half an hour, the cost is: flight is very energy-intensive. If electricity is used, the energy density of the battery is not enough. If fuel is used, there will be Pollution, manufacturing costs will remain high, and urban airspace is not intended to fly, safety is very important, falling is not a joke, so automatic driving is a must, in addition, if the sky is flying, you think There will be noisy, think about the feeling of flying over the helicopter above your head. In general, the flying car is in a place with a sparsely populated area, and there is still a market. In a crowded city, it is estimated that it is unlikely to be realized in the past 10 years. .
"Flight cars are widely used for commercial use and military use, especially in dealing with emergencies, such as police, fire, border patrol, rescue and dispatch." Xu Nan analyzed the application of flying vehicles. The four major advantages.
First, it is faster. The flying car will transfer the ground traffic to the air. With the good freedom and flight steering ability of the flying car, it can effectively alleviate the traffic pressure. In the rescue and disaster relief, it can also shuttle freely in a small space and rush to the rescue site. Second, it is more convenient, and it is more stable and convenient than the helicopter. It can achieve low-altitude flight and low running noise. Third, it is more flexible. The flying car can also be used for war with its body shape, and its flexibility can make a big difference in street fighting. Fourth, the applicability is stronger. The flying car is affected by the weather by 80% compared with the traditional aircraft. In strong storms and heavy rains, the car mode can be used, and the appropriate travel mode can be selected according to the weather conditions.
Flying vehicle use, advantages and technical bottlenecks
"But it is undeniable that the actual application and commercial development of flying vehicles are still facing constraints in terms of performance, cost, approval, skills, etc." Xu Nan also pointed out that the development of flying vehicles still needs to break through the four bottlenecks.
First, the design is difficult, and the design performance needs to consider both the car and the aircraft. Some flying cars require hundreds of meters of flat slides for takeoff and landing. Second, the cost is high. Due to the weight of the fuselage, the use of carbon fiber composites and titanium alloy materials is required to increase the lift. The later production and processing costs are expensive, resulting in a high cost of flying cars. Third, flight approval is limited. Countries have strict safety management rules for vehicles and aircraft. For China, the airspace over civil aviation routes and airports is under the jurisdiction of civil aviation authorities. All other airspaces are under military control. The flight must be applied to the civil aviation administration for the flight area and flight plan. Fourth, the driving skills are high, and the driver's and controller's requirements for driving skills are very high. It is necessary to have a pilot license and a driver's license.
Technology development trend
Xu Nan believes that as a future urban vehicle, flying vehicles are not as simple as adding "wings" to automobiles. The breakthrough of new lightweight materials, power batteries, electric drive systems, and intelligent driving technologies is the commercial development of flying vehicles. It is vital.
In addition, flying cars, like driverless cars, will have a strong impact on current urban traffic modes, communications and network infrastructure layout, security responsibilities, laws and regulations, and operational systems.
“It is estimated that the flying vehicle will need 5 to 10 years of R&D investment period, and it will be able to enter the scale application stage in 2030.” Xu Nan said that for China, it should pay attention to global innovation resources and carry out intelligent and electrified flight vehicles. Forward-looking layout and reserves of key technologies.
In the application of intelligent technology, the operation and control of flying vehicles is a technical focus and difficulty. Flying cars are a collection of modern communication technologies, computer network technologies, and intelligent control technologies. The ability to sense the flight environment will be an essential skill for flying cars. The fusion application of intelligent driving technology such as fully automatic unmanned driving on flying vehicles will multiply the application potential of flying vehicles. In the development of intelligent technology for flying vehicles, China should accelerate the development of artificial intelligence and robotics, especially the construction of intelligent or unmanned technology, intelligent transportation technology and infrastructure, and use flying vehicles as the future urban intelligent transportation. Part of the intelligent control and management.
In the application of electrification technology, flying vehicles need to balance road driving and low-altitude flying technology. Problems such as lack of endurance and load capacity, and high fuel consumption have also become key bottlenecks restricting its development. As the automobile industry enters the era of electrification, China should accelerate breakthroughs in high-efficiency motors and high-energy-density power battery technologies in the development of flying vehicle electrification technology, and further strengthen engine technologies such as internal combustion engines, hybrid power, and fuel cells. Accumulation and layout of chemical system advancement technology and advanced power battery technology.
Xu Nan also mentioned the development trend of land and air integration. Flying car technology is an organic combination of automotive and general aviation technology, and is a typical dual-use technology. The flying car should have the function of flying off the ground at any time when driving at high speed on the ground, that is, continuous conversion of land and air modes, which is an important user experience and a prerequisite for large-scale application.
"In China's development of land-and-air dual-use technology for flying vehicles, we should strengthen the accumulation and research and development of vertical take-off and landing technology, land-to-air conversion mode continuity technology, propeller or fan low noise and safety technology, and effectively promote the development of the automobile and navigation industry. And the development of defense equipment such as drones and land and air amphibious vehicles."
（文编译：飞行汽车 www.flycar.com.cn）
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